[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.santre.cz\/kriminalisticky-ustav-policie-ceske-republiky-a-jeho-zajimava-a-potrebna-cinnost\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.santre.cz\/kriminalisticky-ustav-policie-ceske-republiky-a-jeho-zajimava-a-potrebna-cinnost\/","headline":"Kriminalistick\u00fd \u00fastav Policie \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky a jeho zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 a pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 \u010dinnost","name":"Kriminalistick\u00fd \u00fastav Policie \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky a jeho zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 a pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 \u010dinnost","description":"Historie expertn\u00ed \u010dinnosti policie sah\u00e1 do doby Rakousko \u2013 uhersk\u00e9 monarchie, kdy doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0postupn\u00e9mu roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed poznatk\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u011bdn\u00edch obor\u016f a jejich uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i objas\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed protipr\u00e1vn\u00edch P\u0159e\u010d\u00edst \u010dl\u00e1nek<\/a>","datePublished":"2019-09-07","dateModified":"2023-04-30","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.santre.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.santre.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6b1978a802e1d2522476d4f1a954a19e989b74ba84b3e15a182efb651cc75097?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6b1978a802e1d2522476d4f1a954a19e989b74ba84b3e15a182efb651cc75097?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"santre.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.santre.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a355186_w3803_t1569597678.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.santre.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a355186_w3803_t1569597678.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.santre.cz\/kriminalisticky-ustav-policie-ceske-republiky-a-jeho-zajimava-a-potrebna-cinnost\/","about":["V\u011bda"],"wordCount":452,"articleBody":"Historie expertn\u00ed \u010dinnosti policie sah\u00e1 do doby Rakousko \u2013 uhersk\u00e9 monarchie, kdy doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0postupn\u00e9mu roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed poznatk\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u011bdn\u00edch obor\u016f a jejich uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i objas\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed protipr\u00e1vn\u00edch skutk\u016f r\u016fzn\u00e9 intenzity. Vznik\u00e1 tak a postupn\u011b se rozv\u00edj\u00ed kriminalistika. A\u017e do roku 1958 p\u016fsob\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci policie r\u016fzn\u00e9 instituce, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem je prov\u00e1d\u011bt expertizy z\u00a0\u0159ady forenzn\u00edch obor\u016f, nap\u0159. daktyloskopie, p\u00edsmoznalectv\u00ed, apod. Kriminalistick\u00fd \u00fastav jako takov\u00fd byl v\u00a0Praze zalo\u017een dne 12. prosince 1958 jako \u00fatvar tehdej\u0161\u00ed Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti.V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je Kriminalistick\u00fd \u00fastav zam\u011b\u0159en na zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159ady znaleck\u00fdch posudk\u016f a jin\u00fdch expertn\u00edch vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch trestn\u00edch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, a to v\u00a0cel\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159i obor\u016f, kter\u00e9 zcela nebo z\u010d\u00e1sti spadaj\u00ed do oblasti kriminalistiky nebo s\u00a0n\u00ed \u00fazce souvis\u00ed. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad lze uv\u00e9st trasologii, balistiku, daktyloskopii, chemii, biologii, genetiku, antropologii, apod.\u00dastav m\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 postaven\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako v\u011bdeck\u00e9 pracovi\u0161t\u011b, kde se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed a zkoumaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 metody pro kriminalistickou praxi.Jedn\u00edm z nejmlad\u0161\u00edch obor\u016f, kter\u00fdm se \u00fastav v\u011bnuje, je kriminalistick\u00e1 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 expertiza, kter\u00e1 se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b mohla rozvinout a\u017e s\u00a0v\u00fdvojem a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f. C\u00edlem tohoto oboru je anal\u00fdza obsahu dat v\u00a0po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f i na datov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f. Mezi nejv\u00edce \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9 expertizy pat\u0159\u00ed bezesporu genetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza, tj. zejm\u00e9na anal\u00fdza DNA umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed identifikaci osoby. Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed laborato\u0159 prov\u00e1d\u00ed tak\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed vzork\u016f \u00fastn\u00edch st\u011br\u016f. Kriminalistick\u00fd \u00fastav rovn\u011b\u017e vede N\u00e1rodn\u00ed datab\u00e1zi DNA, kter\u00e1 je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdm pomocn\u00edkem p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed dosud neuzav\u0159en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. K\u00a0nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm obor\u016fm, kter\u00fdm se Kriminalistick\u00fd \u00fastav v\u011bnuje, pat\u0159\u00ed forenzn\u00ed antropologie, kter\u00e1 se za\u010dala rozv\u00edjet od druh\u00e9 poloviny 20. stolet\u00ed a zkoum\u00e1 a identifikuje lidsk\u00e9 ostatky. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy jsou k\u00a0dispozici tak\u00e9 m\u011bkk\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b, slou\u017e\u00ed jako v\u00fdznamn\u00fd podp\u016frn\u00fd obor, kter\u00fd v\u0161ak nab\u00fdv\u00e1 na v\u00fdznamu zejm\u00e9na tehdy, je-li p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fd n\u00e1lez \u010dist\u011b kostern\u00ed a \u0159adu kriminalistick\u00fdch metod tak nelze aplikovat (nap\u0159. daktyloskopii).Z\u00e1jemci o v\u00fdvoj kriminalistiky na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed mohou nav\u0161t\u00edvit Muzeum Policie \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky v\u00a0Praze, v\u00a0r\u00e1mci jeho\u017e st\u00e1l\u00e9 expozice se mohou sezn\u00e1mit s\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdmi kriminalistick\u00fdmi metodami a tak\u00e9 nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi krimin\u00e1ln\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edpady. 4.5\/5 - (10 votes) "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Kriminalistick\u00fd \u00fastav Policie \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky a jeho zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 a pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 \u010dinnost","item":"https:\/\/www.santre.cz\/kriminalisticky-ustav-policie-ceske-republiky-a-jeho-zajimava-a-potrebna-cinnost\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]